The Deadly Caltrops of Medieval Warfare

Caltrops are small, spiked iron weapons that were used in medieval times as a form of anti-cavalry weapon. They were designed to be scattered on the ground to prevent cavalry charges and were often thrown or placed in the path of approaching horses. The spikes on the caltrops would puncture the hooves and legs of the horses, causing them to become lame or fall, making it difficult for the cavalry to advance.
Caltrops were used extensively during the Middle Ages and were particularly effective against heavily armored knights and their horses. They were often used in conjunction with other defensive measures such as walls, moats, and palisades to protect castles and fortifications.
Over time, the use of caltrops declined as firearms became more prevalent on the battlefield, but they remained a useful tool for defending against cavalry charges until the late 16th century. Today, caltrops are mostly used as a historical reenactment weapon or as a decorative item.