Understanding Exencephalia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Exencephalia is a rare congenital brain malformation that occurs when the brain does not properly develop within the skull. It is characterized by an enlarged brain that pushes against the skull, leading to various symptoms and complications.

Exencephalia can be caused by genetic mutations or other factors during fetal development. It is often associated with other congenital anomalies, such as hydrocephalus (fluid accumulation in the brain) and spina bifida (a type of spinal cord birth defect).

Symptoms of exencephalia can include:

* Enlarged head size
* Bulging eyes
* Protruding forehead
* Seizures
* Developmental delays
* Intellectual disability
* Vision problems
* Hearing loss

Treatment for exencephalia depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. It may involve surgery to relieve pressure on the brain, physical therapy to improve motor skills, and other supportive measures to address related health issues. In some cases, exencephalia can be managed with medication and regular monitoring by a healthcare team.