Understanding Isotopes and Their Significance in Geology
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (i.e., the same atomic number) but differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. Isotopes of a given element have different masses but similar chemical properties.
Isotopically refers to the presence or abundance of specific isotopes in a substance or system. For example, "The water sample was found to be isotopically enriched in oxygen-18" means that the water contains a higher than normal proportion of oxygen-18 isotope.
In geology, isotopic analysis is used to determine the age of rocks and minerals, as well as to understand the origin and movement of fluids and materials within the Earth's crust. Isotopic composition can provide information about the temperature, pressure, and other conditions under which a rock or mineral formed.