Understanding Jejunostomy: Types, Risks, and Benefits
Jejunostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening in the small intestine (jejunum) to allow for the passage of food or fluids into the bloodstream. This procedure is typically performed when there is a blockage or obstruction in the digestive tract, such as a tumor or scar tissue, that prevents the normal flow of food and nutrients.
There are several types of jejunostomies, including:
1. Jejunostomy tube: A small tube is inserted through the skin and into the jejunum to create an opening for the passage of food or fluids. This type of jejunostomy is often used in emergency situations, such as when a patient has a bowel obstruction that needs to be relieved quickly.
2. Jejunostomy button: A small device that looks like a button is implanted in the skin and connected to the jejunum via a tube. When the patient presses the button, food or fluids can pass through the tube into the bloodstream. This type of jejunostomy is often used for long-term nutrition support.
3. Jejunostomy pouch: A small pouch is created in the abdomen and attached to the jejunum. Food or fluids are poured into the pouch, which then empties into the bloodstream through the opening in the jejunum. This type of jejunostomy is often used for patients who need long-term nutrition support and do not have a functional stomach or small intestine.
Jejunostomy is typically performed when other methods of nutrition support, such as nasogastric tubes or gastrostomy tubes, are not effective or feasible. The procedure can be performed under general anesthesia or sedation, and the patient may need to stay in the hospital for several days after the procedure to recover.
While jejunostomy can provide life-saving nutrition support, it is not without risks. Complications of the procedure can include infection, bleeding, and blockage of the tube or opening. Additionally, long-term use of a jejunostomy can lead to complications such as narrowing or twisting of the intestine, which can cause abdominal pain and other symptoms.
Overall, jejunostomy is a complex procedure that should only be performed by a trained healthcare professional in a sterile environment. Patients who undergo this procedure should be closely monitored for any complications and receive ongoing care and support to ensure their nutritional needs are met.
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