Understanding Lentigos: Causes, Types, and Treatment Options
Lentigo (plural: lentigines) is a term used in dermatology to describe small, flat, brown or black spots that can appear on the skin. These spots are usually harmless and can be caused by a variety of factors, such as exposure to the sun, aging, or certain medical conditions.
Lentigos can appear anywhere on the body, but they are most commonly found on sun-exposed areas such as the face, hands, and arms. They may be flat or slightly raised, and they can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
While lentigos are usually benign, they can sometimes be a sign of an underlying condition, such as:
Actinic keratosis: A precancerous condition that can develop into squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated.
Melasma: A hormonal condition that causes brown patches on the skin, often in women during pregnancy or with the use of hormonal medications.
Seborrheic keratosis: A benign growth that can appear as a dark spot on the skin.
Lentigo maligna: A type of skin cancer that usually affects the face and is more common in older adults.
To diagnose lentigos, a dermatologist will typically examine the skin and may use a dermatoscope (a handheld device with a special lens) to look at the spots more closely. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to rule out other conditions.
Treatment for lentigos depends on the underlying cause and the size and location of the spots. Options can include:
Topical medications such as creams or gels that contain ingredients like hydroquinone, retinoids, or salicylic acid to lighten the spots.
Chemical peels or microdermabrasion to remove the top layer of skin and help improve the appearance of the spots.
Laser therapy to target the pigmented cells and help lighten the spots.
Surgical removal of the spots, such as shave excision or cryotherapy (freezing the spot with liquid nitrogen).
It's important to note that while lentigos are usually benign, they can sometimes be a sign of an underlying condition that needs to be addressed. If you notice any new or changing spots on your skin, it's always best to consult a dermatologist for an evaluation and proper diagnosis.
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