Understanding Ophthalmophthisis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Ophthalmophthisis is a rare, progressive eye disease that affects the retina and choroid (the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue between the sclera and retina) in children and young adults. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of the retinal cells, leading to vision loss and potentially blindness.
The exact cause of ophthalmophthisis is not known, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the eye. The disease can affect one or both eyes, and it typically progresses over time, with periods of active inflammation followed by periods of relative calm.
Symptoms of ophthalmophthisis can include:
Blurred vision or loss of vision
Eye pain or discomfort
Redness and inflammation in the eye
Seeing floaters (specks or cobwebs in vision)
Sensitivity to light
The disease can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, including a visual acuity test, dilated eye exam, and imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography.
There is no cure for ophthalmophthisis, but treatment options are available to slow the progression of the disease and manage its symptoms. These may include:
Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
Immunosuppressive medications to suppress the immune system
Antiviral medications if there is a viral infection
Vitamin supplements to support the health of the retina
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected tissue or to repair damaged blood vessels.
It is important for individuals with ophthalmophthisis to work closely with their eye care professional to monitor their condition and adjust their treatment plan as needed. With appropriate management, many people with ophthalmophthisis can maintain some level of vision and prevent further loss of sight.