Understanding Peritonitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening infection of the peritoneum, which is the thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within. The infection can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and it can spread quickly throughout the abdominal cavity if left untreated.
The symptoms of peritonitis may include:
Abdominal pain that worsens over time
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea or constipation
Abdominal tenderness and guarding (muscle tension)
Difficulty breathing or rapid heart rate
Peritonitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
Infection of the peritoneum from an injury or surgery
Infection of the abdominal cavity from a ruptured abscess or hollow organ
Spread of infection from another part of the body, such as the skin or urinary tract
Bacterial infection of the peritoneum, such as E. coli or Klebsiella
Viral infection of the peritoneum, such as norovirus or rotavirus
Fungal infection of the peritoneum, such as candidemia
Perforation of the intestines or other hollow organs
Cancer of the abdominal cavity
Treatment of peritonitis typically involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair any damage to the abdominal organs or to remove any infected tissue.
In some cases, peritonitis can lead to serious complications, such as:
Abdominal abscesses: pockets of pus that form in the abdominal cavity
Peritoneal adhesions: bands of scar tissue that form between the peritoneum and other organs or structures in the abdominal cavity
Sepsis: a systemic infection that can spread throughout the body and cause organ failure
If you suspect that you or someone else may have peritonitis, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious complications and improve outcomes.