Understanding Scrofulosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Scrofulosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lymph nodes of the neck (cervical lymphadenitis). It was once common in children and young adults, but it is now rare in developed countries due to the widespread use of antibiotics and improved living conditions.
Scrofulosis is characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are clusters of immune cells that surround the bacteria in an attempt to contain them. The disease can cause a variety of symptoms, including swelling in the neck, painless enlargement of the lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. If left untreated, scrofulosis can lead to serious complications such as tuberculous meningitis or spinal tuberculosis.
The diagnosis of scrofulosis is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Laboratory tests may include a skin test for tuberculosis infection, chest X-rays, and blood tests to detect the presence of antibodies against M. tuberculosis. Treatment typically involves antibiotics for a period of several months, and surgical removal of affected lymph nodes may be necessary in some cases.
Scrofulosis is also known as cervical tuberculosis or tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis. It is important to note that while scrofulosis is rare in developed countries, it remains a significant health problem in many developing countries where access to healthcare and antibiotics is limited.