Understanding Sigmoidostomy: Types, Goals, and Procedures

Sigmoidostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening in the sigmoid colon to allow for the passage of stool. This procedure is typically performed when there is damage or obstruction to the rectum or anus, such as from inflammatory bowel disease, trauma, or cancer.

The goal of sigmoidostomy is to divert the flow of stool away from the damaged area and allow for the normal passage of waste through the digestive system. The procedure can be performed as an emergency measure to treat acute conditions such as rectal bleeding or sepsis, or it can be planned in advance as a preoperative preparation for more complex procedures such as rectal cancer surgery.

There are different types of sigmoidostomy, including:

1. Sigmoid loop colostomy: This is the most common type of sigmoidostomy, where the sigmoid colon is brought up through the abdominal wall and attached to the skin near the anus, creating a stoma or opening for stool to pass through.
2. Endosigmoidostomy: This is a less invasive procedure where the sigmoid colon is brought up through the anus and attached to the skin, without the need for an incision in the abdomen.
3. Sigmoidopexy: This is a procedure where the sigmoid colon is attached to the rectum or the perineal body, rather than the skin, to create a stoma.

Sigmoidostomy can be performed as a temporary or permanent solution, depending on the underlying condition and the patient's needs. In some cases, the procedure may be reversible, allowing for the restoration of normal bowel function after the underlying condition has been treated. However, in other cases, the procedure may be permanent, requiring ongoing management and care of the stoma.