Understanding the Structure and Functions of the Kidney

Oliguria is a condition where the amount of urine produced by the kidneys is less than normal. It is often seen in people who have acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease.

Q20. What is the function of the glomerulus in the kidney?
Ans: The glomerulus is a cluster of blood vessels in the kidney that acts as a filter, allowing small molecules such as water and ions to pass through while retaining larger molecules like proteins and red blood cells.

Q21. What is the purpose of the renal cortex in the kidney?
Ans: The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney where the nephrons are located. It is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

Q22. What is the difference between a nephron and a glomerulus?
Ans: A nephron is a functional unit of the kidney that includes the glomerulus and the tubules. The glomerulus is a cluster of blood vessels that acts as a filter, while the tubules are a series of tiny tubes that help to reabsorb water and electrolytes back into the bloodstream.

Q23. What is the purpose of the renal medulla in the kidney?
Ans: The renal medulla is the innermost layer of the kidney where the nephrons are located. It is responsible for producing the hormone aldosterone, which helps to regulate the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.

Q24. What is the difference between a kidney and a ureter?
Ans: A kidney is an organ that filters waste products from the blood and produces urine, while a ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Q25. What is the function of the bladder in the urinary system?
Ans: The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body. It helps to regulate the amount of urine in the body by expanding or contracting to accommodate changing fluid levels.