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What are Guards in Computer Science?

In computer science, a guard is a mechanism that controls the flow of execution of a program based on certain conditions. It allows to execute a block of code only if certain conditions are met, and to skip the execution of the block if the conditions are not met.

Guards are commonly used in programming languages to implement control flow statements such as `if`, `else`, and `switch`. For example, an `if` statement might have a guard that checks whether a certain condition is true before executing the code inside the `if` block. If the condition is not true, the guard will prevent the code from being executed.

Guards can also be used to implement more complex control flow structures, such as loops with multiple conditions, or conditional statements that depend on multiple variables.

In functional programming, guards are often used to implement higher-order functions that take functions as arguments, and to implement recursive functions that have multiple bases cases.

In summary, a guard is a mechanism that controls the flow of execution of a program based on certain conditions, and it allows to execute a block of code only if certain conditions are met.

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