What are Subprograms in Programming?

A subprogram is a self-contained piece of code that performs a specific task or set of related tasks. It can be thought of as a "subroutine" or a "function" that takes some input, performs some operations, and returns a result. Subprograms are often used to break down large programs into smaller, more manageable pieces, and to reuse code in different parts of a program.

Here are some key features of subprograms:

1. Self-contained: A subprogram should be able to stand alone and perform its own specific task or set of related tasks. It should not rely on other subprograms or parts of the program to function properly.
2. Reusable: Subprograms can be used in different parts of a program, reducing the amount of code that needs to be written and making it easier to maintain and update the program.
3. Modular: Subprograms are typically designed to be modular, meaning they can be easily combined with other subprograms to perform more complex tasks.
4. Well-defined input and output: A subprogram should have well-defined input and output parameters, so that it can be easily called by other parts of the program and its results can be easily used.
5. Documented: It is important to document subprograms, including their purpose, input and output parameters, and any assumptions or limitations. This makes it easier for others to understand how the subprogram works and how to use it effectively.