What is a Subroutine? Definition, Examples, and Benefits

Subroutining is a programming technique where a section of code is defined separately and called multiple times within a program. The code that makes up the subroutine can perform a specific task, and it can be called by different parts of the program as needed.

In other words, a subroutine is a self-contained piece of code that performs a specific function, and it can be called multiple times from different locations within a program. When a subroutine is called, it executes its code and then returns control back to the point where it was called.

Subroutines are useful for a number of reasons. They can help to:

1. Organize code: By breaking code into smaller, more manageable pieces, it becomes easier to understand and maintain.
2. Reuse code: Instead of having to rewrite the same code over and over again, subroutines allow you to reuse code in different parts of a program.
3. Reduce bugs: By isolating code into separate subroutines, it is easier to identify and fix errors.
4. Improve readability: Subroutines can make code more readable by providing a clear and concise way to perform specific tasks.
5. Increase efficiency: By reusing code in subroutines, programs can run faster and use less memory.

Examples of subroutines include:

1. Functions in programming languages like C, C++, and Java.
2. Procedures in programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN.
3. Methods in object-oriented programming languages like Python and Ruby.
4. Macros in programming languages like Excel and Word.