Unpacking Kenning: A Poetic Device of Old Norse and Old English Poetry

Kenning is a poetic device used in Old Norse and Old English poetry, particularly in skaldic verse. It is a metaphorical or figurative expression that describes an object or concept in a roundabout way, often using a comparison or analogy to convey the intended meaning.

In Old Norse, kenning is often used to describe abstract concepts such as emotions, ideas, or actions, by comparing them to more concrete objects or phenomena. For example, the phrase "the heart's joy" might be kenneled as "the sun's shining" or "the wind's blowing". This allows the poet to express complex emotions and ideas in a more vivid and memorable way.

Kenning is also used in Old English poetry, particularly in the works of Anglo-Saxon poets such as Beowulf and The Wanderer. In these works, kenning is often used to describe the actions of heroes and the natural world, using metaphors and similes to create a rich and evocative imagery.

Overall, kenning is an important feature of Old Norse and Old English poetry, allowing poets to express complex ideas and emotions in a more vivid and memorable way. It is a powerful tool for creating imagery and conveying meaning, and continues to be studied and admired by scholars and readers today.